Java Topics

In this tutorial, you will explore two important Java concepts: Array in String and Multithreading. These play a vital role in efficient data handling and concurrent programming.

Array in String in Java

In Java, a String can be converted into an Array and vice-versa. This conversion is useful when you want to process, analyze, or modify string data effectively.

How to Convert String to Array?

    You can convert a String into an array using two methods:  
    1. The toCharArray() method converts a String into a character array.  
    2. The split() method splits a String into an array of substrings based on a given delimiter.
  

Example

String str = "Bhau Automation";
char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();
String[] words = str.split(" ");
  
System.out.println("Character Array:");
for (char c : charArray) {
    System.out.print(c + " ");
}

System.out.println("\nWord Array:");
for (String w : words) {
    System.out.println(w);
}

Advantages

    Converting strings into arrays makes it easy to perform character-by-character manipulation, enhances control over string data, and is very helpful during data parsing or tokenization tasks.
  

Limitations

    Conversion may cause additional memory usage for large strings, and continuous back-and-forth conversion can slightly reduce performance in computation-heavy applications.
  

Additional Example

String sentence = "Java is awesome";
String[] wordsList = sentence.split(" ");
System.out.println("First word: " + wordsList[0]);
System.out.println("Total words: " + wordsList.length);

Multithreading in Java

Multithreading allows Java programs to perform multiple operations simultaneously by dividing a program into small threads. It enhances efficiency and improves CPU utilization.

Multithreading Process

    To implement multithreading:  
Create a thread by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface.  
Override the run() method to define thread logic.  
Start the thread using the start() method.
  

Example

class MyThread extends Thread {
  public void run() {
    System.out.println("Thread is running...");
  }
}

public class Demo {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
    t1.start();
  }
}

Advantages

    Multithreading ensures efficient CPU usage by running tasks in parallel. It allows better performance in applications like web servers, games, and real-time systems.
  

Limitations

    Multithreaded programs can be complex to debug and may lead to issues like deadlocks or race conditions if synchronization is not properly handled.
  

Additional Example

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
  public void run() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - Count: " + i);
    }
  }
}

public class ThreadExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyRunnable(), "Thread-1");
    Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyRunnable(), "Thread-2");
    
    t1.start();
    t2.start();
  }
}

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